1 And Ben-hadad the king of Syria gathered all his host together: and there were thirty and two kings with him, and horses, and chariots: and he went up and besieged Samaria, and warred against it. |
2 And he sent messengers to Ahab king of Israel into the city, and said unto him, Thus saith Ben-hadad, |
3 Thy silver and thy gold is mine; thy wives also and thy children, even the goodliest, are mine. |
4 And the king of Israel answered and said, My lord, O king, according to thy saying, I am thine, and all that I have. |
5 And the messengers came again, and said, Thus speaketh Ben-hadad, saying, Although I have sent unto thee, saying, Thou shalt deliver me thy silver, and thy gold, and thy wives, and thy children; |
6 Yet I will send my servants unto thee to morrow about this time, and they shall search thine house, and the houses of thy servants; and it shall be, that whatsoever is pleasant in thine eyes, they shall put it in their hand, and take it away. |
7 Then the king of Israel called all the elders of the land, and said, Mark, I pray you, and see how this man seeketh mischief: for he sent unto me for my wives, and for my children, and for my silver, and for my gold; and I denied him not. |
8 And all the elders and all the people said unto him, Hearken not unto him, nor consent. |
9 Wherefore he said unto the messengers of Ben-hadad, Tell my lord the king, All that thou didst send for to thy servant at the first I will do: but this thing I may not do. And the messengers departed, and brought him word again. |
10 And Ben-hadad sent unto him, and said, The gods do so unto me, and more also, if the dust of Samaria shall suffice for handfuls for all the people that follow me. |
11 And the king of Israel answered and said, Tell him, Let not him that girdeth on his harness boast himself as he that putteth it off. |
12 And it came to pass, when Ben-hadad heard this message, as he was drinking, he and the kings in the pavilions,that he said unto his servants, Set yourselves in array. And they set themselves in array against the city. |
13 And, behold, there came a prophet unto Ahab king of Israel, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Hast thou seen all this great multitude? behold, I will deliver it in to thine hand this day; and thou shalt know that I am the LORD. |
14 And Ahab said, By whom? And he said, Thus saith the LORD, Even by the young men of the princes of the provinces. Then he said, Who shall order the battle? And he answered, Thou. |
15 Then he numbered the young men of the princes of the provinces, and they were two hundred and thirty two: and after them he numbered all the people, even all the children of Israel, being seven thousand. |
16 And they went out at noon. But Ben-hadad was drinking himself drunk in the pavilions, he and the kings, the thirty and two kings that helped him. |
17 And the young men of the princes of the provinces went out first; and Ben-hadad sent out, and they told him, saying, There are men come out of Samaria. |
18 And he said, Whether they be come out for peace, take them alive; or whether they be come out for war, take them alive. |
19 So these young men of the princes of the provinces came out of the city, and the army which followed them. |
20 And they slew every one his man: and the Syrians fled; and Israel pursued them: and Ben-hadad the king of Syria escaped on an horse with the horsemen. |
21 And the king of Israel went out, and smote the horses and chariots, and slew the Syrians with a great slaughter. |
22 And the prophet came to the king of Israel, and said unto him, Go, strengthen thy self, and mark, and see what thou doest: for at the return of the year the king of Syria will come up against thee. |
23 And the servants of the king of Syria said unto him, Their gods are gods of the hills; therefore they were stronger than we; but let us fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they. |
24 And do this thing, Take the kings away, every man out of his place, and put captains in their rooms: |
25 And number thee an army, like the army that thou hast lost, horse for horse, and chariot for chariot: and we will fight against them in the plain, and surely we shall be stronger than they. And he hearkened unto their voice, and did so. |
26 And it came to pass at the return of the year, that Ben-hadad numbered the Syrians, and went up to Aphek, to fight against Israel. |
27 And the children of Israel were numbered, and were all present, and went against them: and the children of Israel pitched before them like two little flocks of kids; but the Syrians filled the country. |
28 And there came a man of God, and spake unto the king of Israel, and said, Thus saith the LORD, Because the Syrians have said, The LORD is God of the hills, but he is not God of the valleys, therefore will I deliver all this great multitude into thine hand, and ye shall know that I am the LORD. |
29 And they pitched one over against the other seven days. And so it was, that in the seventh day the battle was joined: and the children of Israel slew of the Syrians an hundred thousand footmen in one day. |
30 But the rest fled to Aphek, into the city; and there a wall fell upon twenty and seven thousand of the men that were left. And Ben-hadad fled, and came into the city, into an inner chamber. |
31 And his servants said unto him, Behold now, we have heard that the kings of the house of Israel are merciful kings: let us, I pray thee, put sackcloth on our loins, and ropes upon our heads, and go out to the king of Israel: peradventure he will save thy life. |
32 So they girded sackcloth on their loins, and put ropes on their heads, and came to the king of Israel, and said, Thy servant Ben-hadad saith, I pray thee, let me live. And he said, Is he yet alive? he is my brother. |
33 Now the men did diligently observe whether any thing would come from him, and did hastily catch it: and they said, Thy brother Ben-hadad. Then he said, Go ye, bring him. Then Ben-hadad came forth to him; and he caused him to come up into the chariot. |
34 And Ben-hadad said unto him, The cities, which my father took from thy father, I will restore; and thou shalt make streets for thee in Damascus, as my father made in Samaria. Then said Ahab, I will send thee away with this covenant. So he made a covenant with him, and sent him away. |
35 And a certain man of the sons of the prophets said unto his neighbour in the word of the LORD, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man refused to smite him. |
36 Then said he unto him, Because thou hast not obeyed the voice of the LORD, behold, as soon as thou art departed from me, a lion shall slay thee. And as soon as he was departed from him, a lion found him, and slew him. |
37 Then he found another man, and said, Smite me, I pray thee. And the man smote him, so that in smiting he wounded him. |
38 So the prophet departed, and waited for the king by the way, and disguised himself with ashes upon his face. |
39 And as the king passed by, he cried unto the king: and he said, Thy servant went out into the midst of the battle; and, behold, a man turned aside, and brought a man unto me, and said, Keep this man: if by any means he be missing, then shall thy life be for his life, or else thou shalt pay a talent of silver. |
40 And as thy servant was busy here and there, he was gone. And the king of Israel said unto him, So shall thy judgment be; thyself hast decided it. |
41 And he hasted, and took the ashes away from his face; and the king of Israel discerned him that he was of the prophets. |
42 And he said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Because thou hast let go out of thy hand a man whom I appointed to utter destruction, therefore thy life shall go for his life, and thy people for his people. |
43 And the king of Israel went to his house heavy and displeased, and came to Samaria. |
20 Ben - hadad's invasion of Israel and insolent demand, Ki1 20:1-12.
Ahab, encouraged by a prophet, overthrows him twice, Ki1 20:13-30.
Makes a covenant with him, Ki1 20:31-34.
Is reproved and threatened by a prophet, Ki1 20:35-43.
20:1 Gathered his host - To war against Israel: wherein his design was to enlarge the conquest which his father had made, but God's design wasto punish Israel for their apostacy and idolatry.
20:3 Thy silver, etc - I challenge them as my own, and expect to have them forthwith delivered, if thou expect peace with me.
20:4 The king said - I do so far comply with thy demand, that I will own thee for my Lord, and myself for thy vassal, and will hold my wives,and children, and estate, as by thy favour, and with an acknowledgment.
20:5 Saying, etc - Although I did before demand not only the dominion of thy treasures, and wives, and children, as thou mayst seem to understandme, but also the actual portion of them; wherewith I would then have beencontented.
20:6 Yet, etc - Yet now I will not accept of those terms, but together with thy royal treasures, I expect all the treasures of thy servants orsubjects; nor will I wait 'till thou deliver them to me, but I will sendmy servants into the city, and they shall search out and take away all thouart fond of, and this to prevent fraud and delay; and then I will grant theea peace.
20:7 Seeketh mischief - Though he pretended peace, upon these terms propounded, it is apparent by those additional demands, that he intendsnothing less than our utter ruin. I denied not - I granted his demandsin the sense before mentioned.
20:10 And said, etc - If I do not assault thy city with so numerous an army, as shall turn all thy city into an heap of dust, and shall besufficient to carry it all away, though every soldier take but one handfulof it.
20:11 Let not him, etc - Do not triumph before the victory, for the events of war are uncertain.
20:13 And behold, etc - God, though forsaken and neglected by Ahab, prevents him with his gracious promise of help: that Ahab and theidolatrous Israelites, might hereby be fully convinced, or leftwithout excuse, that Ben - hadad's intolerable pride, and contempt ofGod, and of his people, might be punished: and that the remnant of hisprophets and people who were involved in the same calamity with the restof the Israelites, might be preserved and delivered.I am the Lord - And not Baal, because I will deliver thee, which hecannot do.
20:14 He said, etc - Not by old and experienced soldiers, but by those young men; either the sons of the princes, and great men of the land, whowere fled thither for safety; or their pages, or servants that used toattend them: who are bred up delicately, and seem unfit for the business.Thou - Partly to encourage the young men to fight courageously, as beingthe presence of their prince: and partly, that it might appear, that thevictory was wholly due to God's gracious providence, and not to the valouror worthiness of the instruments.
20:15 All Israel - All that were fit to go out to war; all, except those whom their age, or the same infirmity excused.
20:18 Take them - He bids them not fight, for he thought they needed not to strike one stroke; and that the Israelites could not stand thefirst brunt.
20:20 His man - Him who came to seize upon him, as Ben - hadad had commanded. Fled - Being amazed at the unexpected and undaunted courageof the Israelites, and struck with a divine terror.
20:21 The king went - Proceeded further in his march. Smote the chariots - The men that fought from them.
20:22 Mark, and see - Consider what is necessary for thee to do by way of preparation. The enemies of the children of God, are restless in theirmalice and tho' they may take some breathing time for themselves, they arestill breathing out slaughter against the church. It therefore concernsus always to expect our spiritual enemies, and to mark and see what wedo.
20:23 Said to him - They suppose that their gods were no better than the Syrian gods and that there were many gods who had each hisparticular charge and jurisdiction; which was the opinion of all heathennations; that some were gods of the woods, other of the rivers, and othersof the mountains; and they fancied these to be the latter, because the landof Canaan was a mountainous land, and the great temple of their God atJerusalem, stood upon an hill, and so did Samaria, where they hadreceived their last blow: it is observable, they do not impute their illsuccess to their negligence, and drunkenness, and bad conduct, nor to thevalour of the Israelites; but to a divine power, which was indeedvisible in it. In the plain - Wherein there was not only superstition,but policy; because the Syrians excelled the Israelites in horses,which are most serviceable in plain ground.
20:24 Take the kings away - Who being of softer education, and less experienced in military matters, were less fit for service; and being manyof them but mercenaries, and therefore less concerned in his good success,would be more cautions in venturing themselves. Captains - That is,experienced soldiers of his own subjects, who would faithfully obey thecommands of the general (to which the kings would not so readily yield) anduse their utmost skill and valour for their own interest and advancement.
20:27 And went - Being encouraged by the remembrance of their former success, and an expectation of assistance from God again.And pitched - Probably upon some hilly ground, where they might securethemselves, and watch for advantage against their enemies; which may be thereason why the Syrians durst not assault them before the seventh day,ver. Ki1 20:29.Little flocks - Few, and weak, being also for conveniency of fighting, andthat they might seem to be more than they were, divided into two bodies.
20:30 The wall - Or, the walls (the singular number, for the plural) of the city; in which they were now fortifying themselves. This mightpossibly happen thro' natural causes; but most probably, was effected by themighty power of God, sending some earthquake, or violent storm which threwdown the walls upon them; or doing this by the ministry of angels. And ifever miracle was to be wrought, now seems to have been the proper season forit; when the blasphemous Syrians denied the sovereign power of God, andthereby in some sort obliged him, to give a proof of it; and to shew, thathe was the God of the plains, as well as of the mountains; and that he couldas effectually destroy them in their strongest holds, as in the open fields;and make the very walls, to whose strength they trusted for their defence,to be the instruments of their ruin. But it may be farther observed, thatit is not said, that all these were killed by the fall of this wall; butonly that the wall fell upon them, killing some, and wounding others.
20:31 He will save thy life - This encouragement have all poor sinners, to repent and humble themselves before God. The God of Israel is amerciful God; let us rend our hearts and return to him.
20:32 My brother - I do not only pardon him, but honour and love him as my brother. What a change is here! From the height of prosperity, to thedepth of distress. See the uncertainty of human affairs! Such turns arethey subject to, that the spoke of the wheel which is uppermost now, maysoon be the lowest of all.
20:33 Thy brother - Understand, Liveth: for that he enquired after, ver. Ki1 20:32.
20:34 Streets - Or, Markets, etc places where thou mayest either receive the tribute which I promise to pay thee, or exercise judicatureupon my subjects in case of their refusal. So he made, etc - He takes nonotice of his blasphemy against God; nor of the injuries which his peoplehad suffered from him.
20:35 In the word - ln the name, and by the command of God, whereof doubtless he had informed him. Smite me - So as to wound me, ver. Ki1 20:37.He speaks what God commanded him, though it was to his own hurt; by whichobedience to God, he secretly reproacheth Ahab's disobedience in a fareasier matter. And this the prophet by God's appointment desires, thatlooking like a wounded soldier, he might have the more free access to theking. Refused - Not out of contempt of God's command, but probably, intenderness to his brother.
20:36 Slew him - We cannot judge of the case; this man might be guilty of many other heinous sins unknown to us but known to God; for which, Godmight justly cut him off: which God chose to do upon this occasion, that bythe severity of this punishment of a prophet's disobedience, proceeding frompity to his brother, he might teach Ahab the greatness of his sin, insparing him through foolish pity, whom by the laws of religion, and justice,and prudence, he should have cut of.
20:38 With ashes - Or, with a cloath, or band; (as the Hebrew doctors understand the word) whereby he bound up his wound,which probably was in his face; for it was to be made in a conspicuousplace, that it might be visible to Ahab and others.
20:39 He said - This relation is a parable; an usual way of instruction in the eastern parts, and most fit for this occasion wherein an obscureprophet was to speak to a great king; impatient of a down - right reproof,and exceeding partial in his own cause. A man - My commander as themanner of expression sheweth.
20:40 Thy judgment - Thy sentence; thou must perform the condition.Either suffer the one, or do the other.
20:42 Thy life - What was the great sin of Ahab in this action, for which God so severely punisheth him? The great dishonour herebydone to God, in suffering so horrid a blasphemer, to go unpunished, whichwas contrary to an express law, Lev 24:16. And God had deliveredhim into Ahab's hand, for his blasphemy, as he promised to do,ver. Ki1 20:28, by which act of his providence, compared with that law, itwas most evident, that this man was appointed by God to destruction, butAhab was so far from punishing this blasphemer, that he doth not somuch as rebuke him, but dismisseth him upon easy terms, and takes notthe least care for the reparation of God's honour, and the people werepunished for their own sins, which were many, and great; though God tookthis occasion to inflict it.