Today's reading is devoted entirely to the coming revival of Jerusalem. Of course, the prophecy given here also had a very concrete historical meaning: after Cyrus's decree and the return of the repatriates from Babylon to Judea, the city and the Temple were indeed...
Today's reading is devoted entirely to the coming revival of Jerusalem. Of course, the prophecy given here also had a very concrete historical meaning: after Cyrus's decree and the return of the repatriates from Babylon to Judea, the city and the Temple were indeed rebuilt. Rising again from the ruins, Jerusalem subsequently became a major economic, political, and cultural centre of the ancient Near East. Yet Isaiah is evidently speaking not only about history. At the centre of his preaching is not the return of the people, but the return of God to the place from which He had once been driven out (v. 8). Ezekiel once saw God leave the Temple, where no room remained for Him (Ezek 11:22–23); now it was revealed to Isaiah that He would return to the place where His house had once stood and would be rebuilt.
But this would not mean a return to the past. Now He returns as King (v. 7), which means that the time has come for the triumph of the Kingdom of which the pre-exilic prophets had already spoken. The new Jerusalem becomes the centre of this Kingdom. The Jerusalem of Isaiah of Babylon is the messianic Jerusalem. Yet it does not cease to be a completely real, earthly city whose walls and towers can be touched and whose streets can be walked.
Moreover, this is not only about a new city, but also about a new people (vv. 14–15). The community of exiles becomes the remnant of which Isaiah of Jerusalem had already spoken. And when God returns to His house and restores His people to the land of their fathers, the remnant, transformed, becomes the nucleus of the new, messianic Israel—whose appearance, of course, none of those who had once driven the Jews from that land expected, convinced as they were that the rebellious city had been dealt with forever. Only when all this is accomplished will the Messiah promised by God appear to the world.
52 The church redeemed and called upon to rejoice therein, Isa 52:1-6.
The universal preaching of the gospel glorious, Isa 52:7-10.
A call to free ourselves from bondage, Isa 52:11-12.
Christ's kingdom shall be exalted, Isa 52:13-15.
52:13 Behold - This is the beginning of a new prophecy, which is continued from hence to the end of the next chapter. My servant - That it is Christ who is here spoken of, is so evident, that the Chaldee paraphrast, and other ancient, and some later Hebrew doctors, understand it directly of him, and that divers Jews have been convinced and converted to the Christian faith, by the evidence of this prophecy.Prosper - This is fitly put in the first place to prevent those scandals which otherwise might arise from the succeeding passages, which describe his state of humiliation. Very high - Here are three words signifying the same thing to express the height and glory of his exaltation.
52:14 Astonished - At his humiliation. Thee - At thee, O my servant.His form - Christ, in respect of his birth, breeding, and manner of life, was most obscure and contemptible. His countenance also was so marred with frequent watchings, and fastings, and troubles, that he was thought to be near fifty years old when he was but about thirty, Joh 8:57, and was farther spoiled with buffetings, and crowning with thorns, and other cruel and despiteful usages.
52:15 So - His exaltation shall be answerable to his humiliation.Sprinkle - With his word or doctrine; which being often compared to rain or water, may be said to be sprinkled, as it is said to be dropped, Deu 32:2 Isa 52, Eze 20:46, .Kings - Shall be silent before him out of profound humility, reverence, and admiration of his wisdom. For - They shall hear from his mouth many excellent doctrines, which will be new and strange to them. And particularly that comfortable doctrine of the salvation of the Gentiles, which was not only new to them, but strange and incredible to the Jews themselves.
53 The incredulity of the Jews; the death of Christ, and the blessed effects thereof, Isa 53:1-10.
His exaltation and glory, Isa 53:11-12.
53:1 Who - Who, not only of the Gentiles, but even of the Jews, will believe the truth of what I say? And this premonition was highly necessary, both to caution the Jews that they should not stumble at this stone, and to instruct the Gentiles that they should not be seduced with their example. The arm - The Messiah, called the arm or power of God, because the almighty power of God was seated in him.Revealed - Inwardly and with power.
53:2 As a root - And the reason why the Jews will generally reject their Messiah, is, because he shall not come into the world with secular pomp, but he shall grow up, (or spring up, out of the ground) before him, (before the unbelieving Jews, of whom he spake ver. Isa 53:1, and that in the singular number, as here, who were witnesses of his mean original; and therefore despised him) as a tender plant (small and inconsiderable) and as a root, or branch, grows out of a dry, barren ground. No form - His bodily presence shall be mean and contemptible.No beauty - This the prophet speaks in the person of the unbelieving Jews. We - Our people, the Jewish nation.
53:3 We hid - We scorned to look upon him.
53:4 Yet - Our people believed that he was thus punished by the just judgment of God.
53:5 Wounded - Which word comprehends all his pains and punishments.For our iniquities - For the guilt of their sins, which he had voluntarily taken upon himself, and for the expiation of their sins, which was hereby purchased. The chastisement - Those punishments by which our peace, our reconciliation to God, was to be purchased, were laid upon him by God's justice with his own consent. Healed - By his sufferings we are saved from our sins.
53:6 We - All mankind. Astray - From God. Have turned - In general, to the way of sin, which may well be called a man's own way, because sin is natural to us, inherent in us, born with us; and in particular, to those several paths, which several men chuse, according to their different opinions, and circumstances. Hath laid - Heb. hath made to meet, as all the rivers meet in the sea. The iniquity - Not properly, for he knew no sin; but the punishment of iniquity, as that word is frequently used. That which was due for all the sins of all mankind, which must needs be so heavy a load, that if he had not been God as well as man, he must have sunk under the burden.
53:7 He opened not - He neither murmured against God, nor reviled men.
53:8 Taken away - Out of this life. By distress and judgment - By oppression and violence. and a pretence of justice. His generation - His posterity. For his death shall not be unfruitful; when he is raised from the dead, he shall have a spiritual seed, a numberless multitude of those who shall believe in him. Cut off - By a violent death.And this may be added as a reason of the blessing of a numerous posterity conferred upon him, because he was willing to be cut off for the transgression of his people.
53:9 With the wicked - This was a farther degree of humiliation.He saith, he made his grave, because this was Christ's own act, and he willingly yielded up himself to death and burial. And that which follows, with the wicked, does not denote the sameness of place, as if he should be buried in the same grave with other malefactors, but the sameness of condition.
53:10 He - God was the principal cause of all his sufferings, tho' mens sins were the deserving cause. When - When thou, O God, shalt have made, thy son a sacrifice, by giving him up to death for the atonement of mens sins. His soul is here put for his life, or for himself.Shall see - He shall have a numerous issue of believers reconciled by God, and saved by his death. Prolong - He shall live and reign with God for ever. The pleasure - God's gracious decree for the salvation of mankind shall be effectually carried on by his ministry and mediation.
53:11 Shall see - He shall enjoy. The travel - The blessed fruit of all his labours, and sufferings. Satisfied - He shall esteem his own and his father's glory, and the salvation of his people, an abundant recompence.By his knowledge - By the knowledge of him. Justify - Acquit them from the guilt of their sins, and all the dreadful consequences thereof. And Christ is said to justify sinners meritoriously, because he purchases and procures it for us. Many - An innumerable company of all nations.For - For he shall satisfy the justice of God, by bearing the punishment due to their sins.
53:12 I - God the father. A portion - Which is very commodiously supplied out of the next clause. With the strong - God will give him happy success in his glorious undertaking: he shall conquer all his enemies, and set up his universal and everlasting kingdom in the world.Because - Because he willingly laid down his life. Transgressors - He prayed upon earth for all sinners, and particularly for those that crucified him, and in heaven he still intercedes for them, by a legal demand of those good things which he purchased; by the sacrifice of himself, which, though past, he continually represents to his father, as if it were present.