"Pray for the peace of Jerusalem!" is a call found more than once in various psalms. For the sake of brothers and neighbors, for the sake of Yahweh's house, the hymnographer adds. What does he have in mind? Speaking of a concrete historical situation, one could say...
"Pray for the peace of Jerusalem!" is a call found more than once in various psalms. For the sake of brothers and neighbors, for the sake of Yahweh's house, the hymnographer adds. What does he have in mind? Speaking of a concrete historical situation, one could say that the peace and well-being of Jerusalem and Judea also meant the peace and well-being of those living there.
Of course, well-being is a relative concept, but in any case, in time of war there can be no talk of any well-being at all for the inhabitants of a country at war.
And yet the question is not only outward well-being. The psalm in which the call to pray for Jerusalem's peace sounds is a pilgrimage hymn: pilgrims sang it as they first ascended to Jerusalem, which is a kilometer above sea level, and then up the steps of the Temple to the top of Mount Zion, to the temple court where the altar stood and sacrifice was offered.
In the time of the Second Temple, when Psalm 122 was apparently written, the Jerusalem Temple was the only place where sacrifice could be offered to the One, and the very possibility of communion with God in all its fullness depended on the well-being of Jerusalem, that holy city. This truth was especially well known to the Jews of the post-exilic era, who throughout the whole time of exile had remained without the Temple and without sacrifices.
There is nothing surprising here: sacrifice had always been the main form of communion with God in Yahwism, a shared meal of God with man. Without sacrifice, communion with God cannot be called full. In this context, wishing peace to Jerusalem also means wishing well-being to the altars of God.
However, there is yet another aspect, connected with the history of the covenant, with the history of those relationships that bind the people of God to their God. The question is the covenant of God with David, to whom God promised that his descendants would occupy the Jerusalem throne for as long as it existed.
That is why, already in the pre-exilic prophetic tradition, the conviction took hold that the Messiah, about whom Isaiah of Jerusalem was the first of the prophets to speak, would be a King from the line of David and would rule, like David, in Jerusalem. Here the wish for Jerusalem's peace becomes a request to God that He not forget His covenant with David and that He remember His people awaiting the promised Messiah.
For Jewish pilgrims going to Jerusalem, all three aspects connected with Jerusalem's sacred status were relevant. They remain relevant for us today as well: the covenant with God is one, and the promises given by God are given for all times.
120 David prays against lying tongues, and denounces judgment against them, Psa 120:1-4. Complains of his wicked and unpeaceable neighbours, Psa 120:5-7. A song of degrees.
120:1 Title of the psalm. Of degrees - Or, of accents, as the word properly signifies. This title is given to this and the fourteen following psalms, probably because they were sung upon the fifteen degrees, steps, or stairs of the temple, which the Jewish writers mention.
120:4 Arrows - The wrath and vengeance of the mighty God, which in scripture is often compared to arrows, and here to coals of juniper, which burn very fiercely and retain their heat for a long time.
120:5 Mesech - Mesech and Kedar are two sorts of people often mentioned in scripture, and reckoned amongst the barbarous nations.But their names are here to be understood metaphorically. And so he explains himself in the next verse.