16  Samuel is appointed to anoint one of the sons of Jesse king, Sa1 16:1-5.
The elder sons are passed by, and David anointed, Sa1 16:6-13.
Saul growing melancholy is eased by David's music, Sa1 16:14-23.

16:1 Mourn - And pray for his restitution, which the following words imply he did. Oil - Which was used in the inauguration of kings. But here it is used in the designation of a king; for David was not actually made king by it, but still remained a subject. And the reason of this anticipation was the comfort of Samuel, and other good men, against their fears in case of Saul's death, and the assurance of David's title, which otherwise would have been doubtful. I have provided - This phrase is very emphatical, and implies the difference between this and the former king. Saul was a king of the people's providing, he was the product of their sinful desires: but this is a king of my own providing, to fulfil all my will, and to serve my glory.

5 

5:8 Ye were once darkness - Total blindness and ignorance.Walk as children of light - Suitably to your present knowledge.

5:9 The fruit of the light - Opposite to " the unfruitful works of darkness," Eph 4:11.Is in - That is, consists in. Goodness and righteousness and truth - Opposite to the sins spoken of, Eph 4:25,etc

5:11 Reprove them - To avoid them is not enough.

5:12 In secret - As flying the light.

5:13 But all things which are reproved, are thereby dragged out into the light, and made manifest - Shown in their proper colours, by the light. For whatsoever doth make manifest is light - That is, for nothing but light, yea, light from heaven, can make anything manifest.

5:14 Wherefore he - God. Saith - In the general tenor of his word, to all who are still in darkness. Awake thou that steepest - In ignorance of God and thyself; in stupid insensibility.And arise from the dead - From the death of sin. And Christ shall give thee light - Knowledge, holiness, happiness.

9 

9:2 Who sinned, this man or his parents, that he was born blind? - That is, was it for his own sins, or the sins of his parents? They suppose (as many of the Jews did, though without any ground from Scripture) that he might have sinned in a pre - existent state, before he came into the world.

9:3 Jesus answered, Neither hath this man sinned, nor his parents - It was not the manner of our Lord to answer any questions thatwere of no use, but to gratify an idle curiosity. Therefore he determines nothing concerning this. The scope of his answer is, It was neither for any sins of his own, nor yet of his parents; but that the power of God might be displayed.

9:4 The night is coming - Christ is the light. When the light is withdrawn night comes, when no man can work - No man can do any thing toward working out his salvation after this life is ended.Yet Christ can work always. But he was not to work upon earth, only during the day, or season which was appointed for him.

9:5 I am the light of the world - I teach men inwardly by my Spirit, and outwardly by my preaching, what is the will of God; and I show them, by my example, how they must do it.

9:6 He anointed the eyes of the blind man with the clay - This might almost have blinded a man that had sight. But what could it do toward curing the blind? It reminds us that God is no farther from the event, when he works either with, or without means, and that all the creatures are only that which his almighty operation makes them.

9:7 Go, wash at the pool of Siloam - Perhaps our Lord intended to make the miracle more taken notice of. For a crowd of people would naturally gather round him to observe the event of so strange a prescription, and it is exceeding probable, the guide who must have led him in traversing a great part of the city, would mention the errand he was going upon, and so call all those who saw him to a greater attention. From the fountain of Siloam, which was without the walls ofJerusalem, a little stream flowed into the city, and was received in a kind of basin, near the temple, and called the pool of Siloam.Which is, by interpretation, Sent - And so was a type of the Messiah, who was sent of God. He went and washed, and came seeing - He believed, and obeyed, and found a blessing. Had he been wise in his own eyes, and reasoned, like Naaman, on the impropriety of the means, he had justly been left in darkness. Lord, may our proud hearts be subdued to the methods of thy recovering grace!May we leave thee to choose how thou wilt bestow favours, which it is our highest interest to receive on any terms.

9:11 A man called Jesus - He seems to have been before totally ignorant of him.

9:14 Anointing the eyes - With any kind of medicine on the Sabbath, was particularly forbidden by the tradition of the elders.

9:16 This man is not of God - Not sent of God. How can a man that is a sinner - That is, one living in wilful sin, do such miracles?

9:17 What sayest thou of him, for that he hath opened thine eyes? - What inference dost thou draw herefrom?

9:22 He should be put out of the synagogue - That is be excommunicated.

9:27 Are ye also - As well as I, at length convinced and willing to be his disciples?

9:29 We know not whence he is - By what power and authority he does these things.

9:30 The man answered - Utterly illiterate as he was. And with what strength and clearness of reason! So had God opened the eyes of his understanding, as well as his bodily eyes. Why, herein is a marvellous thing, that ye - The teachers and guides of the people, should not know, that a man who has wrought a miracle, the like of which was never heard of before, must be from heaven, sent by God.

9:31 We - Even we of the populace, know that God heareth not sinners - Not impenitent sinners, so as to answer their prayers in thismanner. The honest courage of this man in adhering to the truth, though he knew the consequence, Joh 9:22, gives him claim to the title of a confessor.

9:33 He could do nothing - Of this kind; nothing miraculous.

9:34 Born in sin - And therefore, they supposed, born blind.They cast him out - Of the synagogue; excommunicated him.

9:35 Having found him - For he had sought him.

9:36 Who is he, that I may believe? - This implies some degree of faith already. He was ready to receive whatever Jesus said.

9:37 Lord, I believe - What an excellent spirit was this man of!Of so deep and strong an understanding; (as he had just shown to the confusion of the Pharisees,) and yet of so teachable a temper!

9:39 For judgment am I come into the world - That is, the consequence of my coming will be, that by the just judgment of God, while the blind in body and soul receive their sight, they who boast they see, will be given up to still greater blindness than before.

9:41 If ye had been blind - Invincibly ignorant; if ye had not had so many means of knowing: ye would have had no sin - Comparatively to what ye have now. But now ye say - Ye yourselves acknowledge, Ye see, therefore your sin remaineth - Without excuse, without remedy.