The Book of Jonah is unique in its own way. It is unique not because, as some biblical scholars suppose, it was written when...
The Book of Jonah is unique in its own way. It is unique not because, as some biblical scholars suppose, it was written when Nineveh already lay in ruins: anachronisms occur in other biblical books as well. The mention of Nineveh as the center of world evil testifies, if not directly then indirectly, to the pre-exilic origin of the book. In those times Nineveh was the symbol of man's opposition to God. Later Babylon would become such a symbol.
The uniqueness of the book lies elsewhere: it is not a collection of prophetic sermons, as the other prophetic books are, but a book about a prophet, about how difficult it is to follow God's will even for someone who, it would seem, has already made his choice. Jonah knows perfectly well what God wants from him: he heard His voice quite clearly. The problem is not spiritual deafness, but unwillingness to go where Jonah is sure nothing good awaits him.
Jonah himself offers to be thrown overboard at the critical moment, and this only proves that he understands perfectly well that what is happening is not accidental: it is God's hand, from which one cannot run away. He is so unwilling to go to Nineveh that to the very end he tests the firmness of His hand. He says: throw me into the sea.
To end up in a stormy sea, even on a board or raft, means certain death. One can be saved in such a situation only if God directly intervenes. Jonah as it were provokes God to such intervention. He shows Him: if You do not want to free me from the task entrusted to me, then here, I throw myself into the sea, and if You need me, You will not let me drown and will deliver me wherever You Yourself want.
It is not immediately clear which there is more of here: challenge, trust, or both at the same time. Only one thing is clear: such an act presupposes strong and sufficiently trusting relations with God, which, for all their trust, can at times be quite ambiguous. As between close people, all kinds of things happen: quarrels, stubbornness, misunderstanding. But, as between people, all this does not cancel the fact of closeness and trust.
In the end God nevertheless delivers His servant to the place. True, in a very unusual and even fabulous way: in the belly of a giant sea animal. In translation it is sometimes called a whale, sometimes a fish, while in the original the matter is a sea monster. The prophet still has to do what God assigns him.
1 Jonah disobeys the command of God, Jon 1:1-3.
Is arrested by a storm, Jon 1:4-6.
Discovered to be the cause of the storm, Jon 1:7-10.
Cast into the sea and swallowed by a fish, Jon 1:11-17.