The covenant-union with Noah is the main event of the parable, its center of meaning. Here we no longer have simply a relationship with a particular person, but precisely a union with him and with all his descendants, and that is serious, forever - for God, unlike a human being...
The covenant-union with Noah is the main event of the parable, its center of meaning. Here we no longer have simply a relationship with a particular person, but precisely a union with him and with all his descendants, and that is serious, forever - for God, unlike a human being, keeps steady and unconditional faithfulness to the obligations He has taken upon Himself and to the word once given. Not because He lacks power over His creation, but because all His promises and unions are connected with His plan. His plan does not change merely because some human being betrays Him or turns away from Him. Such is the covenant with Noah, and through him with all humanity.
Still, not with all in every sense. On the one hand, the covenant with Noah really does concern everyone; on the other, it is revealed in its fullness only in the righteous, who, like Noah, "walk before God," walking as it has been revealed to them. In this connection a question arises: why did God need anything else? Why the people of God, why the Messiah? Why is the covenant with Noah alone not enough? In the language of a modern person this question sounds somewhat different, although its meaning does not change: why is it not enough simply to be a "good person"? In that case, of course, everyone understands "good person" in his own way, but the general idea remains the same: there are many good people in the world, however one understands the expression. They are already good without any additional effort; they do not need to be Christians or even simply believers in God; they are righteous in life. So why do they, or the world in general, need anything else? The answer to this question is given in the parable of Noah.
Yes, God makes a covenant with him, but in making it He says: every intention of the human heart is evil from his youth. In the Hebrew text of the parable it is precisely intentions, not thoughts. Even a righteous person cannot change himself without special efforts specially applied by God. He can follow God in spite of his own nature corrupted by sin, overcoming the intentions of his own heart, but he cannot change his heart and his nature by himself, even if he makes every effort to do so.
Here there is an impasse: after the fall, the human person is doomed to balance all the time on the edge of a very serious spiritual collapse, and with him the whole world is likewise doomed to balance on the edge of collapse. That is why the covenant with Noah is not enough. It is only the beginning of the way, and in no sense the end or the completion, which is impossible without God. God Himself will eventually place the final point on the way of humanity's return to God, but He will not place it soon, since the whole way still lies ahead. Noah takes the first step on that way, a very important and absolutely necessary step, but only the first.
7 We have in this chapter,
and to bring the creatures that were to be preserved alive, with him, Gen 7:2-3.
in consideration of the deluge at hand, Gen 7:4.
he came with his family into the ark, Gen 7:6-7.
and brought the creatures with him, Gen 7:8-9.
An account of which is repeated, Gen 7:13-16.
to which is added God's tender care to shut him in.
the causes of it, Gen 7:11-12.
the prevalency of it, Gen 7:17-20.
7:11 The six hundredth year of Noah's life, was 1656 years from the creation. In the second month, the seventeenth day of the month - Which is reckoned to be about the beginning of November; so that Noahhad had a harvest just before, from which to victual his ark. The same day the fountains of the great deep were broken up - There needed no new creation of waters; God has laid up the deep in store - houses, Psa 33:7, and now he broke up those stores. God had, in the creation, set bars and doors to the waters of the sea, that they might not return to cover the earth, Psa 104:9 Gen 7, Job 38:9-11, and now he only removed these ancient mounds and fences, and the waters of the sea returned to cover the earth, as they had done at first, Gen 1:9.And the windows of heaven were opened - And the waters which were above the firmament were poured out upon the world; those treasures which God has reserved against the time of trouble, the day of battle and war, Job 38:22-23. The rain, which ordinarily descends in drops, then came down in streams. We read, Job 26:8.That God binds up the waters in his thick clouds, and the cloud is not rent under them; but now the bond was loosed, the cloud was rent, and such rains descended as were never known before or since.
7:12 It rained without intermission or abatement, forty days and forty nights - And that upon the whole earth at once.
7:14 And every beast after his kind - According to the phrase used in the history of the creation, Gen 1:21, Gen 1:24-25, to intimate, that just as many species as were created at first were saved now, and no more.
7:20 The mountains were covered - Therefore there were mountains before the flood.
7:21 All flesh died, all in whose nostrils was the breath of life, of all that was on the dry land, every living substance - And why so? Man only had done wickedly, and justly is God's hand against him, but these sheep what have they done? I answer, 1. We are sure God did them no wrong. He is the sovereign Lord of all life, for he is the sole fountain and author of it. He that made them as he pleased, might unmake them when he pleased, and who shall say unto him, What dost thou? 2. God did admirably serve the purposes of his own glory by their destruction, as well as by their creation. Herein his holiness and justice were greatly magnified: by this it appears that he hates sin, and is highly displeased with sinners, when even the inferior creatures, because they are the servants of man, and part of his possession, and because they have been abused to be the servants of sin, are destroyed with him. It was likewise an instance of God's wisdom. As the creatures were made for man when he was made, so they were multiplied for him when he was multiplied; and therefore, now mankind was reduced to so small a number, it was fit that the beasts should proportionable be reduced, otherwise they would have had the dominion, and would have replenished the earth, and the remnant of mankind that was left would have been overpowered by them.
8 We have here,
tho' not dried so as to be fit for man 'till almost two months after, Gen 8:14.
And thus at length mercy rejoiceth against judgment.
8:1 And God remembered Noah and every living thing - This is an expression after the manner of men, for not any of his creatures, much less any of his people are forgotten of God. But the whole race of mankind, except Noah and his family, was now extinguished, and gone into the land of forgetfulness, so that God's remembering Noah was the return of his mercy to mankind, of whom he would not make a full end. Noah himself, tho' one that had found grace in the eyes of the Lord, yet seemed to be forgotten in the ark; but at length God returned in mercy to him, and that is expressed by his remembering him.
8:3 The waters returned from off the earth continually - Heb. they were going and returning; a gradual departure. The heat of the sun exhaled much, and perhaps the subterraneous caverns soaked in more.
8:4 And the ark rested - upon the mountains of Ararat - Or, Armenia, whether it was directed, not by Noah's prudence, but the wise providence of God.
8:5 The tops of the mountains were seen - Like little islands appearing above water. They felt ground above forty days before they saw it, according to Dr. Lightfoots's computation, whence he infers that if the waters decreased proportionably, the ark drew eleven cubits in water.
8:7 Noah sent forth a raven through the window of the ark, which went forth, as the Hebrew phrase is, going forth and returning, that is, flying about, but returning to the ark for rest; probably not in it, but upon it. This gave Noah little satisfaction: therefore,
8:8 He sent forth a dove - Which returned the first time with no good news, but probably wet and dirty; but the second time she brought an olive leaf in her bill, which appeared to be fresh plucked off; a plain indication that now the trees began to appear above water. Note here, that Noah set forth the dove the second time, seven days after the first time, and the third time was after seven days too: and probably the first sending of her out was seven days after the sending forth of the raven. The olive branch is an emblem of peace.
8:13 Noah removed the covering of the ark - Not the whole covering, but so much as would suffice to give him a prospect of the earth about it: and behold the face of the ground was dry.
8:14 The earth was dried - So as to be a fit habitation for Noah.
8:20 And Noah builded an altar - Hitherto he had done nothing without particular instructions and commands from God but altars and sacrifices being already of Divine institution, he did not stay for a particular command thus to express his thankfulness. And he offered on the altar, of every clean beast and of every clean fowl - One, the odd seventh that we read of, Gen 7:2,3.
8:21 And God smelled a sweet savour - Or a savour of rest from it, as it is in the Hebrew. He was well pleased with Noah's pious zeal, and these hopeful beginnings of the new world, as men are with fragrant and agreeable smells. I will not again curse the ground, Heb. I will not add to curse the ground any more - God had cursed the ground upon the first entrance of sin, Gen 3:17, when he drowned it he added to that curse: but now he determines not to add to it any more. Neither will I again smite any more every living thing - That is, it was determined that whatever ruin God might bring upon particular persons, families or countries, he would never again destroy the whole world, 'till the day when time shall be no more. But the reason of this resolve is surprising; for it seems the same with the reason given for the destruction of the world, Gen 6:5.Because the imagination of man's heart is evil from his youth. But there is this difference: there it is said, the imagination of man's heart is evil continually, that is, his actual transgressions continually cry against him; here it is said, that it is evil from his youth or childhood; he brought it into the world with him, he was shapen and conceived in it. Now one would think it should follow, therefore that guilty race shall be wholly extinguished: No; therefore I will no more take this severe method; for he is rather to be pitied: and it is but what might be expected from such a degenerate race. So that if he be dealt with according to his deserts, one flood must succeed another 'till all be destroyed. God also promises, that the course of nature should never be discontinued. While the earth remaineth, and man upon it, there shall be summer and winter, not all winter, as had been this last year; day and night, not all night, as probably it was while the rain was descending. Here it is plainly intimated that this earth is not to remain always; it and all the works therein must shortly be burnt up.But as long as it doth remain, God's providence will carefully preserve the regular succession of times and seasons. To this we owe it, that the world stands, and the wheel of nature keeps its tack. See here how changeable the times are, and yet how unchangeable! 1. The course of nature always changing. As it is with the times, so it is with the events of time, they are subject to vicissitudes, day and night, summer and winter counterchanged. In heaven and hell it is not so; but on earth God hath set the one over against the other. 2. Yet never changed; it is constant in this inconstancy; these seasons have never ceased, nor shall cease while the sun continues such a steady measurer of time, and the moon such a faithful witness in heaven. This is God's covenant of the day and of the night, the stability of which is mentioned for the confirming our faith in the covenant of grace, which is no less inviolable, Jer 33:20. We see God's promises to the creatures made good, andthence may infer that his promises to believers shall be so.