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What is the difference between the Old Testament and the Torah?

The Torah (Hebrew for teaching, instruction; usually translated in English as the Law) is the name accepted by Jews for the first five books of the Bible, otherwise known in English as the Pentateuch of Moses. These five books (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy) are the most ancient part of the Bible, tracing back directly to the tradition of Moses and taking their final form by the middle of the 5th century BC.

The Old Testament, however, is the name traditionally given in Christianity to the part of the Bible that originated before the New Testament era. This designation is used by Christians to distinguish the Old Testament from the New. The Old Testament in the Christian Bible includes, in addition to the Torah, the historical, prophetic, and wisdom books. In its composition, the Old Testament differs very little from the Jewish Bible (the so-called Tanakh). You can learn more about the history and composition of the Bible, for example, in the article "The Canon of the Sacred Books" (RU) on our website.

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