17  Goliath challenges the armies of Israel, Sa1 17:1-11.
David coming into the camp, hears his challenge, Sa1 17:12-27.
Eliab chides David, whose words are related to Saul, Sa1 17:28-31.
David undertakes to fight Goliath, Sa1 17:32-37.
He rejects Saul's armour, and goes with his sling, Sa1 17:38-40.
He attacks and slays Goliath, Sa1 17:41-51.
The Israelites pursue the Philistines, Sa1 17:52-53.
David returns: the notice taken of him by Saul, Sa1 17:54-58.

17:1 Gathered, etc - Probably they had heard, that Samuel had forsaken Saul, and that Saul himself was unfit for business.The enemies of the church are watchful to take all advantages, and they never have greater advantage, than when her protectors have provoked God's Spirit and prophets to leave them.

17:4 Six cubits - At least, nine feet, nine inches high. And this is not strange; for besides the giants mentioned in Scripture, Herodotus, Diodorus Siculus, and Pliny, make mention of persons seven cubits high.

17:5 Coat of mail - Made of brass plates laid over one another, like the scales of a fish. The weight, etc - The common shekel contained a fourth part of an ounce; and so five thousand shekels made one thousand two hundred and fifty ounces, or seventy - eight pounds: which weight is not unsuitable to a man of such vast strength as his height speaks him to be.

17:6 Greaves - Boots.

5 

5:1 And seeing the multitudes - At some distance, as they were coming to him from every quarter. He went up into the mountain - Which was near: where there was room for them all. Hisdisciples - not only his twelve disciples, but all who desired to learn of him.

5:2 And he opened his mouth - A phrase which always denotes a set and solemn discourse; and taught them - To bless men; to make men happy, was the great business for which our Lord came into the world. And accordingly he here pronounces eight blessings together, annexing them to so many steps in Christianity. Knowing that happiness is our common aim, and that an innate instinct continually urges us to the pursuit of it, he in the kindest manner applies to that instinct, and directs it to its proper object. Though all men desire, yet few attain, happiness, because theyseek it where it is not to be found. Our Lord therefore begins his Divine institution, which is the complete art of happiness, by laying down before all that have ears to hear, the true and only true method of acquiring it. Observe the benevolent condescension of our Lord. He seems, asit were, to lay aside his supreme authority as our legislator, that he may the better act the part of: our friend and Saviour.Instead of using the lofty style, in positive commands, he, in a more gentle and engaging way, insinuates his will and our duty, by pronouncing those happy who comply with it.

5:3 Happy are the poor - In the following discourse there is,

1. A sweet invitation to true holiness and happiness, Mat 5:3-12.
2. A persuasive to impart it to others, Mat 5:13-16.
3. A description of true Christian holiness, Mat 5:17; Mat 7:12. (in which it is easy to observe, the latter part exactly answersthe former.)
4. The conclusion: giving a sure mark of the true way, warningagainst false prophets, exhorting to follow after holiness.

5:4 They that mourn - Either for their own sins, or for other men's, and are steadily and habitually serious. They shall be comforted - More solidly and deeply even in this world, and eternally in heaven.

5:5 Happy are the meek - They that hold all their passions and affections evenly balanced. They shall inherit the earth - They shall have all things really necessary for life and godliness.They shall enjoy whatever portion God hath given them here, and shall hereafter possess the new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.

5:6 They that hunger and thirst after righteousness - After the holiness here described. They shall be satisfied with it.

5:7 The merciful - The tender - hearted: they who love all men as themselves: They shall obtain mercy - Whatever mercy therefore we desire from God, the same let us show to our brethren. He will repay us a thousand fold, the love we bear to any for his sake.

5:8 The pure in heart - The sanctified: they who love God with all their hearts. They shall see God - In all things here; hereafter in glory.

5:9 The peace makers - They that out of love to God and man do all possible good to all men. Peace in the Scripture sense implies all blessings temporal and eternal. They shall be called the children of God - Shall be acknowledged such by God and man. One would imagine a person of this amiable temper and behaviour would be the darling of mankind. But our Lord well knew it would not be so, as long as Satan was the prince of this world. He therefore warns them before of the treatment all were to expect, who were determined thus to tread in his steps, by immediately subjoining, Happy are they who are persecuted for righteousness' sake. Through this whole discourse we cannot but observe the mostexact method which can possibly be conceived. Every paragraph, every sentence, is closely connected both with that which precedes, and that which follows it. And is not this the pattern for every Christian preacher? If any then are able to follow it without any premeditation, well: if not, let them not dare to preach without it. No rhapsody, no incoherency, whether the things spoken be true or false, comes of the Spirit of Christ.

5:10 For righteousness' sake - That is, because they have, or follow after, the righteousness here described. He that is truly a righteous man, he that mourns, and he that is pure in heart, yea, all that will live godly in Christ Jesus, shall suffer persecution, Ti2 3:12. The world will always say, Away with such fellowsfrom the earth. They are made to reprove our thoughts. They are grievous to us even to behold. Their lives are not like other men's; their ways are of another fashion.

5:11 Revile - When present: say all evil - When you are absent.

5:12 Your reward - Even over and above the happiness that naturally and directly results from holiness.