7  Ahaz afraid of Rezin and Pekah, is comforted by Isaiah, Isa 7:1-9.
Refusing to chuse a sign, Christ is promised for one, Isa 7:10-16.
His judgment should come by Assyria, Isa 7:17-25.

7:12 I will not - By asking a sign, as if I questioned the truth of his word: but this was deep hypocrisy.

7:13 David - He reproves them all, because they were the king's counsellors. Is it a small thing - Is it not wickedness enough.My God - To vex God's prophets and people, with your oppressions and horrid impieties. And by your ingratitude and unbelief, and disobedience of his commands.

7:14 Therefore - Because you despise me, and the sign which I now offer to you, God of his own free grace will send you a more honourable messenger, and give you a nobler sign. A sign - Of your deliverance.But how was this birth, which was not to happen 'till many ages after, a sign of their deliverance from present danger? This promised birth supposed the preservation of that city, and nation and tribe, in and of which the Messiah was to be born; and therefore there was no cause to fear that ruin which their enemies now threatened. Immanuel - God with us; God dwelling among us, in our nature, Joh 1:14. God and man meeting in one person, and being a mediator between God and men. For the design of these words is not so much to relate the name by which Christ should commonly he called, as to describe his nature and office.

7:15 Butter - The common food of children in that country. He - The virgin's son. Know - To discern between things good and evil.

7:16 Yea - Not only this land shall be preserved until the virgin's son shall be born, but thine enemies land shall be sorely scourged, and these two kings destroyed within a very little time. This child - Shear - Jashub, whom in all probability the prophet pointed at, and who was brought hither by God's special command, ver. Isa 7:3. for this very use.The land - The lands of Syria and Israel. Forsaken - So far shall Pekah and Rezin be from conquering thy land, that they shall lose their own lands, and their lives too; which they did within two years after this time, being both slain by the king of Assyria.

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1:1 Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ - To this introduction the conclusion answers, Rom 15:15, etc Called to be an apostle - And made an apostle by that calling. While God calls, he makes what he calls. As the Judaizing teachers disputed his claim to the apostolical office, it is with great propriety that he asserts it in the very entrance of an epistle wherein their principles are entirely overthrown. And various other proper and important thoughts are suggested in this short introduction; particularly the prophecies concerning the gospel, the descent of Jesus from David, the great doctrines of his Godhead and resurrection, the sending the gospel to the gentiles, the privileges of Christians, and the obedience and holiness to which they were obliged in virtue of their profession. Separated - By God, not only from the bulk of other men, from other Jews, from otherdisciples, but even from other Christian teachers, to be a peculiar instrument of God in spreading the gospel.

1:2 Which he promised before - Of old time, frequently, solemnly.And the promise and accomplishment confirm each other. Deu 18:18; Isa 9:6-7; Isa 53:1; Isa 61:1; Jer 23:5.

1:3 Who was of the seed of David according to the flesh - That is, with regard to his human nature. Both the natures of our Saviour are here mentioned; but the human is mentioned first, because the divine was not manifested in its full evidence till after his resurrection.

1:4 But powerfully declared to be the Son of God, according to the Spirit of Holiness - That is, according to his divine nature.By the resurrection from the dead - For this is both the fountain and the object of our faith; and the preaching of the apostles was the consequence of Christ's resurrection.

1:5 By whom we have received - I and the other apostles.Grace and apostleship - The favour to be an apostle, and qualifications for it. For obedience to the faith in all nations - That is, that all nations may embrace the faith of Christ.For his name - For his sake; out of regard to him.

1:6 Among whom - The nations brought to the obedience of faith.Are ye also - But St. Paul gives them no preeminence above others.

1:7 To all that are in Rome - Most of these were heathens by birth, Rom 1:13, though with Jews mixed among them.They were scattered up and down in that large city, and not yet reduced into the form of a church. Only some had begun to meet in the house of Aquila and Priscilla. Beloved of God - And from his free love, not from any merit of yours, called by his word and his Spirit to believe in him, and now through faith holy as he is holy. Grace - The peculiar favour of God.And peace - All manner of blessings, temporal, spiritual, and eternal. This is both a Christian salutation and an apostolic benediction. From God our Father, and the Lord Jesus Christ - This is the usual way wherein the apostles speak, "God theFather," "God our Father." Nor do they often, in speaking of him, use the word Lord, as it implies the proper name of God, Jehovah. In the Old Testament, indeed, the holy men generally said, "The Lord our God;" for they were then, as it were, servants; whereas now they are sons: and sons so well know their father, that they need not frequently mention his proper name. It is one and the same peace, and one and the same grace, which is from God and from Jesus Christ. Our trust and prayer fix on God, as he is the Father of Christ; and on Christ, as he presents us to the Father.

1 

1:19 A just man - A strict observer of the law: therefore not thinking it right to keep her.

1:21 Jesus - That is, a Saviour. It is the same name with Joshua (who was a type of him) which properly signifies, The Lord,Salvation. His people - Israel. And all the Israel of God.

1:23 They shall call his name Emmanuel - To be called, only means, according to the Hebrew manner of speaking, that the person spoken of shall really and effectually be what he is called, and actually fulfil that title. Thus, Unto us a child is born - and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God, the Prince of Peace - That is, he shall be all these, though not so much nominally, as really, and in effect. And thus was he called Emmanuel; which was no common name of Christ, but points out his nature and office; as he is God incarnate, and dwells by his Spirit in the hearts of his people. It is observable, the words in Isaiah are, Thou (namely, hismother) shalt call; but here, They - that is, all his people, shall call - shall acknowledge him to be Emmanuel, God with us.Which being interpreted - This is a clear proof that St. Matthew wrote his Gospel in Greek, and not in Hebrew. Isa 7:14.