The first thing Jesus brings is peace. Saint Augustine wrote that our heart is restless “until it rests in You.” Deep peace in the heart is a sign of a genuine visitation from God. Perfect peace is a very exalted state; it is precisely this peace that the peacemakers of the Gospel “make” and bring with them. This state of peace in one's thoughts, heart, and even body is so precious and so akin to God that...
The first thing Jesus brings is peace. Saint Augustine wrote that our heart is restless “until it rests in You.” Deep peace in the heart is a sign of a genuine visitation from God. Perfect peace is a very exalted state; it is precisely this peace that the peacemakers of the Gospel “make” and bring with them. This state of peace in one's thoughts, heart, and even body is so precious and so akin to God that those who bring this peace from Him will be called sons of God. In biblical language, a “son” means one who partakes of something: someone who bears a particular quality or attribute (for example, the nickname of the sons of Zebedee, “sons of thunder”), or someone whose appearance is associated with a particular event in a person's life—with birth or death, victory or defeat (“son of consolation,” “son of my sorrow”). The sons of God are people who have participated in divine peace to such an extent that they can bring it to others, conveying to those around them the peaceful state of their heart in which God reigns. Such peacemaking is a sign of righteousness. It is already an action in itself. It was not by chance that Saint Seraphim of Sarov regarded peace in the heart as the clearest sign that the Holy Spirit had come to dwell there, and said: “Acquire peace, and thousands around you will be saved.” The peace that comes from God is essential to our world, which is torn apart by conflicts and wars, the chief and first of them being the war in our thoughts and feelings.
The Good News of Jesus is, above all, peace. That is why the Lord's first words to His disciples after the Resurrection were the greeting: “Peace be with you.” The apostles are fearful and trembling, as they always are when present at a miracle (for example, when the storm was calmed, they likewise thought they were seeing a ghost). But the Lord gives us “a spirit not of fear but of power and love and self-control” (2 Tim. 1:7). The power of the Holy Spirit grows out of deep inner peace. It is the result of the reconciliation between humanity and God accomplished on the Cross, of which the Spirit informs every believer. The Lord has reconciled us to Himself (2 Cor. 5:18) and, having gained victory over hell and death, proclaims this victory to His disciples. All subsequent apostolic preaching can be reduced to the appeal: “Be reconciled to God” (2 Cor. 5:20), that is, accept the peace and forgiveness of sins bestowed by the Lord.
“It is I Myself.” How each of us would like to hear this word of Christ in our own life—to hear it as a word addressed directly to me. “Lord, let me find You, truly find You, so that my life may really change and become a witness to You.” Yet we seem to seek and knock, while no full answer comes. We do not feel that we are truly breathing the air of eternity, that we have known Him (John 17:3), that we “walk with Him” as His disciples and friends did. There have been glimpses, moments of grace, perhaps even a vivid conversion, yet our life has still not been transformed…
Yes, an encounter with God that renews and transforms the soul is as “impossible” a miracle as the Resurrection of Jesus was for the apostles. And this miracle became reality. More than that, the Lord promises that for those who believe “through their word” (John 17:20), an encounter with Christ will likewise become reality through the Holy Spirit, whom He will send to all who seek Him. “Your heavenly Father will give the Holy Spirit to those who ask Him” (Luke 11:13); this request simply cannot remain unheard. The prayer that seeks Him is the one and deepest supplication arising from the depths of our soul. From its very beginning, such prayer is inspired by the Holy Spirit, mysteriously guided by Him, and fulfilled by Him as well. But, alas, our own depths are often inaccessible to us, buried under rubbish and debris, all kinds of needless thoughts, resentments, bustle, and old wounds. We must clear away the wreckage, find this prayer within ourselves, and see what the soul secretly asks for day and night. This is the labor of repentance. For this reason ascetics went into forests and deserts, so as to devote themselves entirely to seeking the “treasure hidden in a field”; this is also the meaning and significance of the Church's fasts, especially Great Lent. But it is also the labor of a whole lifetime. May each of us behold the light of the Resurrection.
…The disciples had to experience separation from Christ twice. The first time was when He died on the Cross; the second, when He ascended into heaven. The first separation was the greatest tragedy, but the second was the greatest joy (Luke 24:52), because the disciples knew that they had not been left alone. They felt Christ's presence in their lives and His constant participation; they knew that the Lord and Teacher had not abandoned them. They awaited the fulfillment of “the promise of the Father”—the coming of “another Counselor” (John 14:16) and their being clothed with power from on high to bear witness. The Holy Spirit is the One who brings Christ's presence into our lives, reveals to us the reality of His redeeming work, and bears witness in our hearts that we are children of God (Rom. 8:16). He discloses to us the true meaning of Holy Scripture (cf. Luke 24:45) and enables us to understand that the same Christ whom we meet on the pages of the Gospel is also at work in our lives. In the Holy Spirit we will find Christ and gain the strength to follow Him. Let us pray, and pray for one another, that the light of the Resurrection may enlighten and cleanse us, penetrating with love into the most distant and wounded corners of the soul; that we too, like the first apostles, may meet the Risen One; that at last, after the long night, the day may begin to dawn and the morning star rise in our hearts (2 Pet. 1:19).
40 o) Ce v. est à retenir malgré son om. par de bons témoins.
40 p) Luc, écrivant pour des Grecs, qui considéraient l’idée de résurrection comme une absurdité, insiste sur la réalité physique du corps de Jésus ressuscité, cf. v. 43.
44 q) Tout semble se passer le même jour, celui de la Résurrection. Ac 1.1-8 suppose au contraire une période de quarante jours.
49 r) C’est-à-dire l’Esprit Saint, cf. Ac 1.4s ; 2.33, 39 ; Ga 3.14, 22 ; 4.6 ; Ep 1.13 ; Jn 1.33.
51 s) Om. « et fut emporté au ciel ». Cette omission veut éviter une Ascension au jour même de la Résurrection, qui paraît contredire celle de Ac 1.3, 9, quarante jours plus tard.
52 t) Om. « s’étant prosternés devant lui ».
53 u) L’évangile de Luc se termine au Temple où il a commencé, dans la joie et la louange divine.
Le mérite particulier du troisième évangile lui vient de la personnalité très attachante de son auteur, qui y transparaît sans cesse. Saint Luc est un écrivain de grand talent et une âme délicate. Il a mené son œuvre de façon originale, avec un souci d’information et d’ordre, 1.3. Ce n’est pas à dire qu’il ait pu donner aux matériaux reçus de la tradition un arrangement plus «sp;historique » que Matthieu et Marc ; son respect des sources et sa façon de les juxtaposer ne le lui permettaient pas. Son plan reprend les grandes lignes de celui de Marc avec quelques transpositions, ou omissions. Des épisodes sont déplacés, 3.19-20 ; 4.16-30 ; 5.1-11 ; 6.12-19 ; 22.31-34, etc., tantôt par soucis de clarté et de logique, tantôt par influence d’autres traditions, parmi lesquelles il faut noter celle qui se reflète également dans le quatrième évangile. D’autres épisodes sont omis, soit comme moins intéressants pour les lecteurs païens, cf. Mc 12.28-34, à comparer Lc 10.25-28. On remarquera surtout l’absence d’un correspondant à Mc 6.45-8.26. La différence la plus notable par rapport au deuxième évangile est la longue section médiane 9.51-18.14, qui est présentée sous la forme d’une montée vers Jérusalem à l’aide de notations répétées, 9.51 ; 13.22 ; 17.11, cf. Mc 10.1, et où l’on verra moins le souvenir réel de différents voyages que l’insistance voulue sur une idée théologique chère à Luc : la Ville sainte est le lieu où doit s’accomplir le salut 9.31 ; 13.33 ; 18.31 ; 19.11, c’est là que l’Évangile a commencé, 1.5s, et c’est là qu’il doit finir, 24.52s – par des apparitions et des entretiens qui n’ont pas lieu en Galilée, 24.13-51 ; et comp. 24.6 avec Mc 16.7, Mt 28.7, 16-20 – car c’est de là que doit partir l’évangélisation du monde, 24.47 ; Ac 1.8. Dans un sens plus large, c’est la montée de Jésus (et du chrétien) vers Dieu.
D’autres traits littéraires de Luc sont l’emploi des genres du symposium, 7.36-50 ; 11.37-54 ; 14.1-24, et du discours des adieux, 22.14-38, son goût des parallèles (Jean le Baptiste et Jésus, 1.5-2.52) et des inclusions, et le schéma promesse-accomplissement qui ponctue son récit.
Si l’on poursuit dans le détail la comparaison de Luc avec Marc et Matthieu, on observe sur le vif l’activité toujours en éveil d’un écrivain qui excelle à présenter les choses d’une façon qui lui est propre, évitant ou atténuant ce qui peut froisser sa sensibilité ou celle de ses lecteurs (8.43 comp. Mc 5.26 om. Mc 9.43-48 ; 13.32, etc.), ou bien leur être peu compréhensible (om. Mc 4.13 ; 8.32s ; 9.28s ; 14.50) ou les excluant (Lc 9.45 ; 18.24 ; 22.45), interprétant les termes obscurs (6.15) ou précisant la géographie (4.31 ; 19.28s, 37 ; 23.51), etc. Par ces nombreuses et fines touches, et surtout par le riche apport dû à son enquête personnelle, Luc nous livre les réactions et les tendances de son âme ; ou plutôt, par le moyen de cet instrument de choix, l’Esprit-Saint nous présente le message évangélique d’une façon originale, riche de doctrine. Il s’agit moins d’ailleurs de grandes thèses théologiques (les idées maîtresses sont les mêmes que chez Marc et Matthieu) que d’une psychologie religieuse où l’on trouve, mêlées à une influence très discrète de son maître Paul, les inclinations propres au tempérament de Luc. En vrai « scriba mansuetudinis Christi » (Dante), il aime à souligner la miséricorde de son Maître pour les pécheurs, 15.1s, 7, 10, et à raconter des scènes de pardon, 7.36-50 ; 15.11-32 ; 19.1-10 ; 23.34, 39-43. Il insiste volontiers sur la tendresse de Jésus pour les humbles et les pauvres, tandis que les orgueilleux et les riches jouisseurs sont sévèrement traités, 1.51-53 ; 6.20-26 ; 12.13-21 ; 14.7-11 ; 16.15, 19-31 ; 18.9-14. Cependant même la juste condamnation ne se fera qu’après les délais patients de la miséricorde, 13.6-9 ; comp. Mc 11.12-14. Il faut seulement qu’on se repente, qu’on se renonce, et ici la générosité exigeante de Luc tient à répéter l’exigences d’un détachement décidé et absolu, 14.25-34, notamment par l’abandon des richesses, 6.34s ; 12.33 ; 16.9-13. On notera encore les passages propres au troisième évangile sur la nécessité de la prière, 11.5-8 ; 18.1-8, et sur l’exemple qu’en a donné Jésus, 3.21 ; 5.16 ; 6.12 ; 9.28. Enfin, comme chez saint Paul et dans les Actes, l’Esprit Saint occupe une place de premier plan que Luc seul souligne en 1.15, 35, 41, 67 ; 2.25-27 ; 4.1, 14, 18 ; 10.21 ; 11.13 ; 24.49. Ceci, avec l’atmosphère de reconnaissance pour les bienfaits divins et d’allégresse spirituelle, qui enveloppe tout le troisième évangile, 2.14 ; 5.26 ; 10.17 ; 13.17 ; 18.43 ; 19.37 ; 24.51s, achève de donner à l’œuvre de Luc cette ferveur qui touche et réchauffe le cœur.
24
24:36 Jesus stood in the midst of them - It was just as easy to his Divine power to open a door undiscernibly, as it was to come in at a door opened by some other hand. Mc 16:14, Mc 16:19; Jn 20:19.
24:40 He showed them his hands and his feet - That they might either see or feel the prints of the nails.
24:41 While they believed not for joy - They did in some sense believe: otherwise they would not have rejoiced. But their excess of joy prevented a clear, rational belief.
24:43 He took it and ate before them - Not that he had any need of food; but to give them still farther evidence.
24:44 And he said - On the day of his ascension. In the law, and the prophets, and the psalms - The prophecies as well as types, relating to the Messiah, are contained either in the books of Moses (usually called the law) in the Psalms, or in the writings of the prophets; little being said directly concerning him in the historical books.
24:45 Then opened he their understanding, to understand the Scriptures - He had explained them before to the two as they went to Emmaus. But still they Understood them not, till he took off the veil from their hearts, by the illumination of his Spirit.
24:47 Beginning at Jerusalem - This was appointed most graciously and wisely: graciously, as it encouraged the, greatest sinners to repent, when they saw that even the murderers of Christ were not excepted from mercy: and wisely, as hereby Christianity was more abundantly attested; the facts being published first on the very spot where they happened.
24:49 Behold I send the promise - Emphatically so called; the Holy Ghost.
24:50 He led them out as far as Bethany - Not the town, but the district: to the mount of Olives, Ac 1:12, which stood within the boundaries of Bethany.
24:51 And while he was blessing them, he was parted from them - It was much more proper that our Lord should ascend into heaven, than that he should rise from the dead, in the sight of the apostles. For his resurrection was proved when they saw him alive after his passion: but they could not see him in heaven while they continued on earth.