10 Teach me to do thy will; for thou art my God: thy spirit is good; lead me into the land of uprightness.
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The path of righteousness has always been God's path, and every righteous person in every age has asked God to teach him His ways. Everything would be simpler if the matter concerned only commandments or laws that one need only observe in order to be righteous. Of course, the commandments given by God must be observed, otherwise there can be no talk at all of the path of righteousness.
But external, formal observance of the commandments alone is not enough. If the commandments and the law of God in general were like human laws, if they were only a set of rules God invented for people to observe, formal observance would be enough, as formal observance of laws invented by people is enough in order not to be their violator.
But with the law of God the situation is different. The word "Torah," used in the Hebrew text of the Old Testament to designate the law, has a fairly broad range of meanings: it means legislation, and the way of life corresponding to it, and even the spiritual state of a person that corresponds to this way of life.
This range of meaning is due to the fact that, unlike human laws, the law of God is not conditional or arbitrary: it reflects the laws that characterize the relationship between God and the human being. It is an objective law of spiritual life reflected in the commandments.
Natural laws are impersonal, so definitions are enough here. Spiritual laws are personal, because spiritual life itself is, first of all, a system of relationships linking a person with God and with other people. Here the main thing is the choice made and the decision taken, will and intention; and will and intention are easier to describe in the language of commandments than in the language of abstract definitions.
If a commandment is turned into an abstract definition, even one with moral and ethical content, only a dead abstraction remains of the concrete and living relationship, and only its scheme remains of spiritual life. That is why the hymn writer mentions the breath, or Spirit, of God: only His breath can give life to any relationship, whether with Himself or with any person.
Then the path of righteousness truly turns out to be God's path, and not the path of rather dreary "moral self-improvement," which can lead to nothing except harsh legalism and dry rigorism. Unlike this dead-end path, the path of righteousness leads into the Kingdom, full of life and joy, into the Kingdom filled with the breath of God.
Other notes
For
1 Hear my prayer, O LORD, give ear to my supplications: in thy faithfulness answer me, and in thy righteousness.
2 And enter not into judgment with thy servant: for in thy sight shall no man living be justified.
3 For the enemy hath persecuted my soul; he hath smitten my life down to the ground; he hath made me to dwell in darkness, as those that have been long dead.
4 Therefore is my spirit overwhelmed within me; my heart within me is desolate.
5 I remember the days of old; I meditate on all thy works; I muse on the work of thy hands.
6 I stretch forth my hands unto thee: my soul thirsteth after thee, as a thirsty land. Selah.
7 Hear me speedily, O LORD: my spirit faileth: hide not thy face from me, lest I be like unto them that go down into the pit.
8 Cause me to hear thy lovingkindness in the morning; for in thee do I trust: cause me to know the way wherein I should walk; for I lift up my soul unto thee.
9 Deliver me, O LORD, from mine enemies: I flee unto thee to hide me.
10 Teach me to do thy will; for thou art my God: thy spirit is good; lead me into the land of uprightness.
11 Quicken me, O LORD, for thy name's sake: for thy righteousness' sake bring my soul out of trouble.
12 And of thy mercy cut off mine enemies, and destroy all them that afflict my soul: for I am thy servant.
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Psalm 144 is a typical example of the genre of a "new song," or "song of renewal." This was a special, prophetic genre: after all, prophets were usually both poets and singers, and improvisers at that...
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Psalm 144 is a typical example of the genre of a "new song," or "song of renewal." This was a special, prophetic genre: after all, prophets were usually both poets and singers, and improvisers at that, able to deliver a poetic sermon or a new hymn composed on the spot right in the Temple courtyard during some great feast. Their inspired performances were received by their listeners as divinely revealed, confirming the status of the authors as prophets, people of God. Here it was not always easy to distinguish simple inspiration from genuine revelation; there were always more ecstatic prophesiers in Israel, and later in Judah, than true prophets. A true prophet was distinguished above all by a special vision of reality, by perceiving it as God's world and God's Kingdom.
So it is here: the author of the psalm understands perfectly well what a human being is not only before God, but even before the universe, that he is only a grain of sand, and before God no more than a light breath. The matter here is not only that fallen humanity is mortal and that its span, by the measure of the universe, is not long at all, but that after the fall a person ceased to have a direct and immediate relationship to God's reality, to the reality of the world created by God and to the reality of God's presence in the world He created. Meanwhile, only God is fully and truly real, and everything else receives its being and becomes real as a consequence of the action of His will.
After the fall, however, the human being fell out of the sphere of the action of God's will; this, in fact, is the spiritual meaning of the fall. Now a person can participate in authentic reality only if he returns again to the realm of God's will and God's providence. When something like this happens to a person, he usually experiences what is happening as a kind of eschatological experience, during which the world disappears for him and the person remains alone with God, who "bows the heavens and comes down," drawing near to the person and opening to him the reality of His own, God's world.
It is then that both the surrounding world and the person's own life are renewed for him. Then there will be no place in his life for anything accidental or for anything that happens contrary to God's will, while in the fallen world there is much that God does not want but permits, allowing it to exist out of respect for the fallen person's choice. The "new song," the "song of renewal," is witness to this newly opened reality, to the reality of the Kingdom that God gave him to see, even though the time of the Kingdom's active entry into the world had not yet come.